CAT 90 RC

The motive force that has carried the psychoanalytic movement to a voluminous wave of popular attention and created for it considerable following those discontent with traditional methods and attitudes, is the frank direction of the psychological instruments of exploration to the insistent and intimate problems of human relations. However false or however true its conclusions, however weak or strong its arguments, however effective or defective or even pernicious its practice, its mission is broadly humanistic. Psychological enlightenment is presented as a program of salvation. By no other appeal could the service of psychology have become so glorified. The therapeutic promise of psychoanalysis came as the most novel, most ambitious, most releasing of the long procession of curative systems that mark the history of mental healing. 

To the contemporary trends in psychology psychoanalysis actually offered a rebuke, a challenge, a supplement, though it appeared to ignore them. With the practical purpose of applied psychology directed to human efficiency it had no direct relation and thus no quarrel. The solution of behaviorism, likewise bidding for popular approval by reducing adjustment to a program of conditioning, it inevitably found alien and irrelevant, as the behaviorist in reciprocity found psychoanalytic doctrine mystical, fantastic, assumptive, remote. Even to the cognate formulations of mental hygiene, as likewise in its contacts with related fields of psychology, psychoanalysis made no conciliatory advances. Towards psychiatry, its nearest of kin, it took an unfriendly position, quite too plainly implying a disdain for an unprogressive relative. These estrangements affected its relations throughout the domain of mind and its ills; but they came to head in the practice.

 From the outset in the days of struggle, when it had but a sparse and scattered discipleship, to the present position of prominence, Freudianism went its own way, for the most part neglected by academic psychology. Of dreams, lapses and neuroses, orthodox psychology had little say. The second reason for the impression made by psychoanalysis when once launched against the tide of academic resistance was its recognition of depth psychology, so much closer to human motivation, so much more intimate and direct than the analysis of mental factors. 

Most persons in trouble would be grateful for relief without critical examination of the theory behind the practice that helped them. Anyone at all acquainted with the ebb and flow of cures – cures that cure cures that fail – need not be told that the scientific basis of the system is often the least important factor. Many of these systems arise empirically within a practice, which by trial, seems to give results. This is not the case in psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis belongs to the typical groups of therapies in which practice is entirely a derivative of theory. Here the pertinent psychological principle reads: “Create a belief in the theory, and the fact will create themselves”.

 126 The distinctive feature of psychoanalysis is that

(a) it provided the laymen with a scientific basis to the theories of psychology.

(b) it blasted the popular theory that the conscious mind could be aptly linked the tip of an iceberg. 

(c) it provided effective means for the cure of mental disorders.

(d) it rendered existing trends in psychology defunct.

127The distinction between behaviorism and psychoanalysis that is heightened here is which of the following? 

(a) Behaviorism is wide in scope; psychoanalysis more restricted.

(b) Behaviorism are more tolerant in their outlook; psychoanalysis more dogmatic.

(c) Behaviorism traces all action to conditioning by habit; psychoanalysis to the depths of the human mind.

(d) Behaviorism are more circumspect and deliberate in their propagation of theory; psychoanalysis jump to conclusion impetuously.

128The statement which is refuted by the passage is this:

(a) The popularity enjoyed by psychoanalysis is partly due to the disenchantment with traditional methods of psychology.

(b) Psychoanalysis wooed people dissatisfied with other branches of psychology to swell their ranks.

(c) Psychoanalysis were pioneers in the realm of analysis of the subconscious mind.

(d) Psychoanalysis alienated allied branches of psychology.

129 Create a belief in theory and

(a) belief will be created itself.

(b) theory will be created itself.

(c) facts will be created themselves . 

(d) All of the above.

130 Psychoanalysis are of the opinion that

(a) methods of psychoanalysis must be in keeping with individual needs.

(b) inferences can be drawn empirically from repeated experiments with any given theory. 

(c) theory leads to practice.

(d) practice culminates into theory.

 131 Freudian psychoanalysis was ignored by academic psychology because of which of the following? 

(a) Its theories were not substantiated by practical evidence.

(b) It probed too deep into the human mind thereby divesting it of its legitimate privacy.

(c) It did not have a large following.

(d) It was pre-occupied with unfamiliar concepts such as dreams and the subconscious mind.

132 The only statement to receive support from the passage is which of the following?

(a) Psychoanalysis concentrated more on the theoretical remedies than their practical implementation.

(b) Psychoanalysis broke the shackles of convention in its involvement with humanistic issues.

(c) The attitude of psychoanalysis towards allied branches of psychology could at best be described as indifferent. 

(d) Psychoanalysis dispelled the prevalent notion that dreams were repressed desires.

The popularity enjoyed by the psychoanalytical movement may be directly attributed to 

(a) dissatisfaction with existing methods of psychology.

(b) its logical, coherent process of ratiocination.

(c) its novel unconventionality in both postulate and practice.

(d) its concentration upon the humanistic aspect of psychological analysis.

Ans key.

 c

c

b

c

c

d

b

d